Pest management and Major diseases and control measures of wheat

Pest management and Major diseases and control measures of wheat

Bipolaris leaf blight and leaf rust are

the two major diseases of wheat in

Bangladesh. Black point disease also

occurs in some developed years due

to rains at maturity stage. Newly

developed varieties of wheat are

resistant to leaf rust and tolerant to

leaf blight diseases.

Leaf blight and rust Healthy seed Black pointed seed

infection

1st irrigation at CRI stage

2nd irrigation at 50-55 days

after sowing

3rdIrrigation at 70-80 days

after sowing

Control measures:

• Use resistant variety.

• Spraying of Tilt 250 EC 2 times (at heading and 15 days later) @ 0.5 ml per litre of

water is effective to control the incidence of bipolaris leaf blight disease and also

leaf rust in case of late sown wheat. It also controls black point disease and

improves the quality of seed.

• Seed treatment with Provax-200 @ 3g per kg of seed could reduce the incidence of

seed borne diseases like Bipolaris leaf blight, black point, etc.

Major pests: Bird and Rat

Control measures:

• Bird should be kept away for 10-12 days after sowing.

• Rat should be controlled using traps or poison (Zinc phosphide, Racumin, etc.) or

by any other traditional means.

2.4 Harvesting and Seed preservation

In case of seed plot, the off type plants should be rouged out at least 3 times starting

from flowering up to maturity stage to ensure varietal purity. Crop should be

harvested at full maturity in a

sunny day. Usually, wheat is

harvested by hand. Wheat should

be threshed by paddle thresher or

power thresher. Wheat seeds

should be dried up under sun to

bring the moisture below 12%. It

may be confirmed by chewing the dried grain. Grain should be cleaned and graded.

For cleaning, paddle or power winnower can be used.

After final sunning, seeds should be cooled in a shady place. Then the seeds are to be

stored in metallic or plastic drum and polythene bag. All the drums or bags should be

air-tight. Polythene bags should be kept inside gunny bags. All the containers should

be placed on wooden “Danish” or “Matcha”away from the wall.

Metallic drum Plastic drum Ploythene bag