Major diseases of jute, kenaf and mesta and control measures(Bangladesh)

Major diseases of jute, kenaf and mesta and control measures(Bangladesh)

On the other hand jute suffers from a number of diseases; most are seed-borne.

Among the seed-borne diseases, only virus causes the leaf mosaic, while rests were

caused by fungal pathogens. Among the seed-borne fungal diseases, stem rot, blackband

and anthracnose are caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, Botryodiplodia

theobromae and Collectotrichum corchori, respectively and frequently transmitted

from seed to plant to seeds. Even 60% to 70% jute plant may die in the field due to

stem rot if no control measure is taken. The fungal jute pathogens, viz. M.

phaseolina, B. theobromae, Corchori, Fusrium rolfsi, Rhizoctonia solanii are

responsible for seed rot, post and pre emergence damping off, seedlings blight and

transmission of the diseases to standing crops causing considerable yield loss and

deterioration of fibre quality.The diseases and control measures are described below:

Stem rot

Leaf turns pale gray colour in the mid rib and turns black. The spot gradually grows

lengthwise, encircles the stem, which internally rots and breaks the plant. As a result

the plants die. The major disease of jute, stem rot, initiates at the seedling stage, when

the plant height become 6 to 8 inches and it take place till adult stage of jute plant.

Spiral borer

Brownish spot is noticeable on the leaves. These spots may

be seen from the lower level to the apex of the plant. Black

dots are present at the brownish pretentious place.

Eventually the precious consign break down resulting in

death of plant. Disease is disseminated by seed, soil and

air. Deshi and Tossa jute are infected by this disease.

Control measures

• Burn the crop debris.

• Spray Dithane M-45 @ 18.56g/10 litres water.

• Spray Dithane M-45, Manner M-45 @ 2g/1litre H2O 2-3 times at the plant base soil.

Die back

Jute and kenaf plants usually the Olitorius varieties begin

to dry from the tip downwards at almost full-grown

stage. This fungus is seed and air borne. The affected

part becomes brownish and the affected part drying from

top to the lower part of the plant. The whole plant died

off ultimately. Disease disseminated by seed, soil and air.

Generally Tossa jute and Kenaf infected by this disease.

Control measures:

• Two times spray of Dithane M-45 @ 18.56g/10 litres water at the interval of 2-3 days.

• Crop rotation with deshi jute instead of tossa, ii) Spraying of dithane M-45, Manner

M-45 @ 2g/I litre water 2-3 times.

Wilting

Root system of affected plant becomes infested with a

soil borne fungi. All the leaves become flaccid at a time

and after few days dropping occurs. At the flowering

stage, wilting occurs severely on jute plants. Rhizoctonia

solani silted the whole plant and it becomes dried off

which show the way to death of the plant. The Olitorius

varieties are affected by this disease more than the

Capsularis. Disease disseminated by seed and soil. Tossa

jute is infected by this disease.

Control measures:

• The crop debris will be destroyed or burned.

• Crop rotaion will be maintained with Capsularis varieties

• Dithane M-45, Manner M-45 @ 18.56g/10 litres water.

Seedling blight

At seedling stage the basal portion of the plant showed brownish to blackish lesion &

plant dies. Seed and soil borne pathogenwas responsible for this disease. Disease

Stem rot diseases

Wilting diseases

Die back diseases

disseminated by seed and soil. Seedling of Deshi, Tossa,

Kenaf and Mesta are infected by this disease.

Control measures:

• Seed treatment with clove bata @ 125g/1 kg seed, Or

Vitavex-200/provex-200 @ 4g/1 kg seed,

• Spraying of Dithane M-45 @ 2g/litre water 2-3 times

at base of the seedling.

Black band

The lesion first appears as small black blackish brown

patch, which gradually enlarges and encircles the stem

making a black band around. This disease is seed, soil and

air borne.

Disease disseminated by seed, soil and air. Deshi and Tossa

jute infected by this disease.

Control measures:

• Spraying of Dithane M-45, Manner M-45 @ 2g/I litre water 2-3 times.

Anthracnose

This disease is confined only to C. capsularis variety.

Lesions coalesce to form a big canker, sometimes girdling

the stem and shredding the fibre.

Disease is disseminated by seed, soil and air. Deshi and

Tossa jute is infected by this disease.

Control measures:

• Seed treament with Vitavex-200/Provax-200 @ 4g/1 kg seed

• Crop rotation with rice, wheat etc.

Soft rot

The disease appears first near the ground level. Profuse

white cottony mycelia growth occurs at the collar region

of jute crop.

Disease disseminated by seed and soil. Deshi and Tossa

jute infected by this disease.

Control measures:

• Spraying of Dithane M-45, Manner M-45 @ 2g/1litre water 2-3 times at the base

of the plant.

Seedling blight diseases

Black band diseases

Anthracnose diseases

Soft rot diseases

Root knot

Attack at early stage cause stunted and poor growth of

plants with abnormal swollen tip and also produce severe

gall formation in root systems. Disease disseminated by

seed and soil. Deshi and Tossa jute infected by this disease.

Control measures:

• Crop rotation will be practiced.

• Soil treatment with Furadan-5G @ 16 kg/acre or 40 kg/ha of land.

Powdery mildew

At the end of the jute season fine white powdery mass appears to be accumulated on

leaf-surface resulting fall of leaves, flower and fruits. Foggy weather is favorable for

the growth. Disease disseminated by seed, soil and air. Deshi and Tossa jute infected

by this disease.

Control measures:

• Spraying of Thiovit @ 32g/10 litres water just to see the symptoms.

Leaf mosaic

Yellow mosaic spots regular or irregular appear usually on

Capsularis plants at any stage of growth affecting

formation of chlorophyll. Disease disseminated by seed,

soil and air. Deshi and Tossa jute infected by this disease.

Control measures:

• Uprooting of infected plants

• Spraying of Heyzine/Hemithrin @ 15ml/10 litre swater 2-

3 times with 7 days interval.

Leaf curling

Due to leaf curling, the plants become pale, leaves turn

into thick and rough. Due to leaf yellowing the top leaves

of the plants become yellowish, mosaic pattern of green

and yellow in which either the colour remain

predominant.Disease disseminated by seed, soil and air.

Deshi and Tossa jute infected by this disease.

Control measures:

• This disease can also be controlled by seed treatment

using garlic paste. Before sowing seed should be treated with 125gms garlic paste

per kg seed. After seed treatment with garlic paste seed should be dried in the sun

for three days.

Root knot diseases

Leaf mosaic diseases

Leaf curling diseases